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廣東省(Guangdong Province)
廣東省,簡稱粤,是中華人民共和國大陸南端沿海的一個省份。廣東位於南嶺以南,南海之濱。與香港、澳門、廣西、湖南、江西和福建接壤;與海南隔海相望。省會廣州。廣東在語言風俗、歷史文化等方面都有着獨特的一面,與中國北方地區有很大的不同。近年來廣東亦成爲中國經濟最發達的省份之一。
廣東省古時候一直是“百越之族”居住的地域,清政府在這裏設置了廣東省,於是廣東的名稱沿用至今。這裏自古就是我國的富庶之地,早在秦漢時代已經有對外貿易和文化交流活動,到近代,廣東更是成爲商業發達的地區。由於地理條件及歷史淵源,這裏也是華僑之鄉,許多僑民出於對家鄉的眷戀之情都會經常回鄉,促進了廣東省旅遊業的發展。廣東省聚集最多奇特景觀的地區在粤北,粤北包括韶關和清遠,那些山地的自然景觀非常美麗,有以丹霞山和金鷄嶺爲代表的丹霞地貌,有喀斯特地貌的連南、陽山、英德山群及溶洞;粤西則有着漫長而曲折的海岸綫,擁有爲數衆多的優質海灘;粤東的梅州、河源、潮汕和惠州地區一向以其獨特的客家文化而在廣東自成體系,民風古雅,古文化遺存豐富,近年來也成爲旅遊熱點。
Guangdong (Canton in English) is a province on the southern coast of the People's Republic of China. The provincial capital Guangzhou and economic hub Shenzhen are among the most populous and important cities in China. Guangdong is quite different from the northern part of China. It is one of the country's richest with the highest total GDP among all provinces. Its nominal GDP for 2003 was $165 billion, increased to $265 billion in 2005 (about the same size as Denmark) and to $329.07 billion in 2006. Guangdong contributes approximately 12% of national economic output.
Ⅰ. 概况(Brief introduction)
簡稱: [粤]
Abbreviations: yue
地理位置: 廣東地處嶺南,熱帶、亞熱帶的地理環境和風光,南瀕熱帶海洋,西南隔瓊州海峽與海南相望;東接福建;西同廣西鄰。
Location: Guangdong faces the South China Sea to the south. Guangdong borders Fujian province to the northeast, Jiangxi and Hunan provinces to the north, Guangxi autonomous region to the west, and Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions to the south. Hainan province is offshore across from the Leizhou Peninsula.
省會: 廣州
Capital: Guangzhou
氣候: 廣東全省地處亞熱帶,大部分地區屬亞熱帶季風氣候,夏長冬短, 雨量充沛。年平均降雨量爲1500—2000毫米,年平均蒸發量1000— 1200毫米,屬濕潤地區。
Climate: Guangdong has a humid subtropical climate (tropical in the far south), with short, mild, dry, winters and long, hot, wet summers. Average daily highs in Guangzhou in January and July are 18C (64F) and 33C (91F) respectively, although the humidity makes it feel much hotter in summer. Frost is rare on the coast but may happen a few days each winter well inland.
行政區劃: 廣東全省有21個地級市、33個縣級市、43個縣、3個自治縣。
Administrative divisions: 21 prefecturelevel cities, 33 countylevel cities, 43 counties and 3 autonomous counties.
面積: 總面積177,900萬平方公里
Area: 177,900 km2
景觀: 廣東省面臨浩瀚無際的大海,揹負雄峻的南嶺山脈;此外還具有奇麗的“丹霞地貌”,使得廣東省具有“緑水丹崖”的秀麗景色 。
Sceneries: there are a lot of beautiful sceneries in Guangdong Province, including the vast beach and a few mountain ranges.
廣東簡介: 廣東得天獨厚,勝景處處。鳥瞰全省,粤北有瑶族聚居地、丹霞山等,粤中有珠海三角洲水鄉,粤東有潮汕平原,粤西有鼎湖山、七星岩等。南海的海岸綫,東起南澳島,中有香港、澳門、珠海,西南有湛江雷州灣,像一串熠熠生輝的明珠。這裏氣侯温和,陽光明媚,一年四季均適宜旅遊。旅遊資源豐富,類型多樣,在這裏 ,抱着不同願望來的旅遊者都能實現願望。
Notable attractions: include Danxia Mountain, Yuexiu Hill in Guangzhou, Star Lake and the Seven Star Crags, and Dinghu Mountain.
Ⅱ. 主要城市介紹(Introduction of some important cities)
廣州(Guangzhou)
(一)地理位置(Location)
廣州是廣東省省會, 地處廣東省東南部, 珠江三角洲北緣,全省政治、經濟和文化中心,是中國的“南大門”。
Guangzhou is in the southern part of China. It is the capital city of Guangdong Province. It lies in the southeastern part of the province, that is, the northern edge of the Pearl River Delta. It is political, economic and cultural center of the whole province.
(二)自然條件
廣州是“水果之鄉”, 主要産荔枝、龍眼、香蕉、菠蘿、木瓜、楊桃等。廣州的花卉和盆景遠近馳名, 以陰生觀葉植物、高檔盆花、鮮切花、嶺南盆景爲主。
廣州山青水秀, 風光旖旎, 旅遊資源豐富, 旅遊景點100多處, 其中以羊城新八景白雲山、珠江、越秀山、東站廣場、陳家祠、黄花崗七十二烈士墓、廣東奥林匹克體育中心、蓮花山以及中山紀念堂、黄埔軍校、南越王博物館、華南植物園、從化温泉、番禺香江野生動物世界、寶墨園、廣東美術館等景點最負盛名。
(三) 昵稱别名(Nicknames)
廣州又稱“羊城”。相傳周朝時, 南海飄來五朵彩色祥雲, 五仙人騎着五只羊, 各携帶一串谷穗降臨此處, 贈谷穗給居民, 祝福此地五穀豐登、永無饑荒, 留下五羊化爲石頭。今越秀公園建有以此傳説爲題材的“五羊石像”。
According to the legend, there were five celestial beings riding into the area that is now Guangzhou on five rams and carrying sheaves of rice. The celestials bestowed blessings on the land and offered the sheaves to the people of the city as a symbol of prosperity and abundance. After the celestials left, the rams turned into stone, and Guangzhou quickly developed into an affluent and influential city.
(四) 文化習俗(customs and cultures)
廣州是嶺南文化的中心地。粤劇是廣州地區最有代表性的地方劇, 享有“南國紅豆”的盛譽。廣東音樂源於廣州和珠江三角洲, 吸納了中原古樂、江南小調和崑曲等的精華, 與本地民歌、民謡相結合而成。嶺南畫派是現代中國畫派之一。廣雕、廣彩、廣綉馳名中外。粤菜是中國一大菜係, 菜譜上千種, “食在廣州”聞名天下。
廣州的民間習俗很多, 有迎春花市、龍舟競渡,、重陽登高、擺年橘、飲早茶等。
(五)市花市鳥
佛山 (Foshan)
(一)地理位置 (Location)
位於廣東省中南部,珠江三角洲腹地,東倚廣州,毗鄰港澳。
Foshan City is situated in the midsouthern part of Guangdong, the central region of the Pearl River Delta, with favorable geographical position, fertile land and mild climate, with Guangzhou to its east. It is near Hong Kong and Macau.
(二)歷史文化(Historical culture)
佛山素有陶藝之鄉、粤劇之鄉、武術之鄉、廣紗中心、嶺南成藥之鄉、南方鑄造中心、民間藝術之鄉等美譽。
佛山是“南國陶都”,制陶藝術源遠流長,有700多年曆史,自古有“石灣瓦,甲天下”的美譽。建於明代正德年間的南風古竈,是世界現存最古老的柴燒龍窑,薪火相傳至今400多年,被譽爲“陶瓷活化石”。2005年,佛山榮獲“中國陶瓷名都”稱號。
佛山是“南國紅豆”粤劇的發源地,誕生了粤劇藝人的代稱——“紅船子弟”和粤劇最早的戲行組織——瓊花會館。民間自發組織的粤劇演唱“私伙局”是佛山文化的一大特色,至今長盛不衰。每年一度舉辦的瓊花粤劇藝術節,使佛山呈現“紅船泊晚沙,萬人看瓊花”的盛况。
佛山是“嶺南成藥之鄉”。古方正藥的歷史有400餘年,其産品種類齊全,大約分爲膏、丹、丸、散、茶、油、酒等七大類,是工匠、居家、旅行必備的中成藥,涌現出了“黄祥華”如意油、“馮了性”藥酒、“源吉林”甘和茶等一批老字號名藥。
佛山的鑄造業始於2000多年前。宋代時佛山所鑄鼎、鍋、鐘、塔等聞名全國。到明代佛山的鑄造技術已達相當高的水平,成爲南中國冶煉中心。鴉片戰争期間,佛山所鑄大砲爲抗擊外來入侵發揮了重要作用。
佛山是珠江三角洲民間藝術的摇籃,孕育並保留了秋色、醒獅、舞龍、龍舟説唱、龍舟競渡等大量體現嶺南文化精髓的民間藝術及民俗事象;秋色、剪紙、木刻年畫、陶塑、灰塑、磚雕等手工傳統技藝精湛,獨樹一幟。2005年底,佛山參與申報的獅舞、粤劇、龍舟説唱、佛山木版年畫、廣東剪紙、石灣陶塑技藝等6個項目,進入首批國家非物質文化遺産名録推薦名單。
佛山自古人文薈萃,才俊輩出。唐宋以來廣東出過九個狀元,佛山占其五。近代以來,孕育了維新運動領袖康有爲,政治活動家張蔭桓、戴鴻慈、譚平山、何香凝、羅登賢、鄧培,民族實業家陳啓沅、簡照南、簡玉階,科學家詹天佑、鄒伯奇,文學家吴趼人,粤劇名伶薛覺先、馬師曾,武術名家樑贊、黄飛鴻、李小龍,名醫李廣海,能工巧匠黄炳、陳渭岩、劉傳,第一位華人牧師樑發等杰出人物。
(三) 自然條件(Natural conditions)
佛山屬亞熱帶季風性濕潤氣候,年平均氣温22.1°C,降雨量16002000毫米。自然資源主要有陶土、岩石、玻璃砂、稀有金屬和塘魚、水稻、甘蔗及品種繁多的水果、花卉等。
Foshan mainly has the natural sources of pot clay, rocks, glass sand, rare metals and pool fishes, rice, sugar cane and various fruits and flowers etc.
(四) 旅遊景點(Tourist attractions)
佛山旅遊資源十分豐富,是著名的旅遊勝地。佛山祖廟、西樵山、南風古竈、清暉園、皂幕山、南國桃園、陳村花卉世界、三水荷花世界被評爲“佛山新八景”。其中,佛山祖廟融古代陶瓷、木雕、鑄造、建築藝術於一體,被譽爲“東方藝術之宫”;西樵山是國家級風景名勝區,有“南粤名山數二樵”之美譽;順德清暉園與佛山梁園是清代廣東四大名園;高明皂幕山是佛山最高峰;陳村花卉世界是中國南方最大的花卉生産交易基地和花卉文化主題公園;三水荷花世界是目前世界上規模大、品種資源豐富的荷花生態專類園。還有東華里、康有爲故居、寶林寺、蘆苞祖廟、黄飛鴻紀念館、李小龍紀念館可讓遊客領略獨特的嶺南文化。目前,佛山以歷史文化、南國武術、商務會展、産業觀光、休閒度假、購物美食、美化家居等爲主題的特色旅遊方興未艾。
Foshan has many sights, including Chinese temples and other examples of Chinese architecture. Foshan Zumiao Temple, Mount Xiqiao, Nanfeng Ancient Fuenace, Qinghui Garden, Nanguo Peach Tourism Vacationland, Mount Zaomu, Chencun Town Flower World, Sanshui's Lotus World are the famous eight sceneries in Foshan.
(五)土名特産
染色紙:染色紙是佛山傳統的手工業品,有悠久的歷史。辛亥革命前,佛山是廣東染色紙的唯一産地。按生産品種的不同,染紙業分成年紅、雜色、花紅、蠟箭四行。年紅行專染正士丹色和正土硍朱色年紅紙;雜色行染紅、黄、藍、白、黑、灰、青蓮、天青等色紙,主要用來製作迷信品;花紅行專染花紅一色,主要用作婚姻嫁娶的禮書帖式和新歲賀年、迎神賽會的柬帖;蠟箭行染造屏幅、對聯及裝璜等用的紙張。佛山染紙業最鼎盛時期,大約在清同治(1862)至光緒(1875)年間,那時全行有大小染店、染館數百間,工人超過3000人。産品種類繁多,達60一70種。佛山的染色紙品,以其色澤鮮艷、能耐風雨、歷久不變的優點享譽國内外。
九層糕:佛山、南海一帶民間喜慶節日,尤其春節,家家必做九層糕,取其“長長久久,步步高昇”之意。九層糕是一種甜米糕,做工講究。民間用白米浸透,用石磨磨成水粉,攪拌成漿,加入糖水,用銅盤放一層薄水粉,加熱蒸熟,然後逐層加粉至九層。蒸熟的九層糕層次分明,軟滑可口。有些人還用食用色素摻入,每層紅白相間,十分好看。節日期間,人們將蒸好的九層糕切成菱形小塊,每四塊叠成一盤(三塊在下,一塊在上),先敬神、後敬祖先,然後是全家吃糕,取其吉祥之意。春節時,人們往往以鬆糕、年糕、煎堆、油角互贈親友,但九層糕則不贈與别人,據説分給别人會把吉祥分薄,於己不利。
佛山盲公餅:盲公餅是佛山市土特産名産品之一。由於它是由一盲人創制,因而得名。盲公餅的製作,與一般餅食不同,有其獨特之處,市場上出售的餅食,大都以麵粉配製,而盲公餅則全用糯米配以食糖、花生、芝蔴、猪肉、生油等上乘原料巧制而成。餅内所夾的猪肉,其制法更爲美妙精巧,用幼細白糖腌藏數月(最少數天)才取出配製,吃起來甘美酥脆,美味可口,中外亦負盛名。
深圳(Shenzhen)
(一) 深圳概况(Brief introduction)
深圳,中國的第一個經濟特區,歷經20多年改革開放的櫛風沐雨,從一個邊陲小鎮發展成爲風景秀麗、投資環境優良、經濟發達、初具規模的具有中國特色的國際化大都市,向世人展示着新世紀的活力和希望。
深圳市位於中華人民共和國廣東省,北與東莞市、惠州市接壤,南以深圳河爲界,與香港相鄰,東隔大亞灣與惠東縣的平海半島相望,西臨珠江口伶仃洋。
深圳海岸綫長229.96公里,多爲優良港口岸綫, 6處港灣建有深水港。海域廣闊,水産資源豐富,盛産荔枝等名果,礦産資源主要爲花崗岩、大理石等建築材料,金屬礦産可開採量較小,油、氣等能源靠外界輸入。
深圳是隨着改革開放發展起來的城市,是一座“神話般的城市”,是一幅五彩繽紛的畫卷,是我國改革開放的縮影。過去25年中,跳躍式的發展和驚人的速度造就了深圳的輝煌,建市的25年間,深圳GDP達到1000億元人民幣用了十八年,達到2000億元用了五年,而突破3000億元僅用了兩年。25年來,深圳年均增長速度近30%,生産總值增加了1800倍。
Shenzhen is a subprovincial city of Guangdong province in southern China. Although this city is famous for its extreme proximity with the boundary of Hong Kong, it is at least 25km away from the core urban area of Hong Kong. Shenzhen is a centre of foreign investment and since the late 1970s has been one of the fastest growing cities in the world. It is also the busiest port in China after Shanghai. In the past two decades, outsiders have invested more than $30 billion in Shenzhen for building factories and forming joint ventures. It was the first of the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) in China.
Shenzhen was originally a mountainous area, with fertile agrarian land. However, after the introduction of special economic zone in 1979, Shenzhen underwent tremendous change in landscape. The once hilly fishing village is now replaced by mostly flat ground in downtown area.
(二)市名由來
“深圳”地名始見史籍於1410年(明永樂八年),於清朝初年建墟。當地的方言俗稱田野間的水溝爲“圳”或“涌”。深圳正因其水澤密佈,村落邊有一條深水溝而得名。
深圳又稱鵬城。
何謂“鵬城”? 在深圳東部50多公里開外的南澳鎮,有一處名叫鵬城的地方,城門像北京的德勝門,只是規模小了很多。 城墻經風雨侵蝕,一番破敗景象; 城樓雖不及山海關雄壯,仍古味十足。進入城門,只見青石板鋪就的道路,兩旁平房都是磚木結構,鱗次櫛比,露出房檐的椽子都已腐敗,看起來年代已相當久遠。當地居民稱這個地方叫王母,又叫大鵬,這座城就叫鵬城。“鵬城”由此得名。
曾幾何時,有人把這個鵬城的名字安在了深圳的頭上。特别是深圳自建立特區以來,面貌發生了歷史性的巨變,綜合經濟實力已經位列全國大中城市中的前列,是一座充滿生機,充滿美好發展前景,潜力無限的城市。而深圳的版圖正象展翅高飛的大鵬,搏擊風雲,遨遊長空,勇往直前。所以,鵬城也就名符其實地叫響了。
深圳的市花是簕杜鵑。
(三)民族狀况
深圳是多民族居住的城市,56個民族都有人在深圳居住。人數超過1000人的少數民族有17個,超過10000人的有4個,前10位的依次是:壯族、土家族、苗族、侗族、瑶族、回族、滿族、蒙古族、布依族、朝鮮族。
第五次全國人口普查結果表明,有54個少數民族共22萬5千多人居住在深圳,加上漢族是55個民族;隨着2002年9月18日兩位珞巴族同胞落户中國民俗文化村,標誌着深圳已成爲繼北京之後全國第二座匯聚齊56個民族定居的城市。目前,深圳市少數民族人口已達到22.5多萬人。
據悉,除北京之外中國的許多城市近年來在發展中都增加了少數民族成分,但隨着發展自然聚齊了56個民族的城市目前只有深圳。深圳能在短短20多年間不僅成爲一個多民族城市,而且成爲一個中國民族齊全的城市,這在我國社會歷史發展中是不多見的。
(三)旅遊景點(Tourist attractions)
深圳枕山面海,是一座山湖風光優美的海濱城市。大鵬灣曲折蜿蜒,海岸綫長70多公里,分佈着大梅沙、小梅沙、溪冲、迭福、水沙頭、西涌等水碧沙白的黄金海灘。這裏沙質柔軟,海水清碧潔净,是迷人的海濱浴場。梧桐山雄偉險峻,山上溪澗縱横,有深不可測的梧嶺天池;深圳灣畔福田區上、下1000多畝的紅樹林,是候鳥遷徙的中途站,可以觀賞品種衆多的候鳥。分佈於特區腹地的深圳蓮花山、筆架山、銀湖等,水碧山清,環境幽雅,是旅遊度假的好地方。
位於深圳市區西部的華僑城景區,包括“錦綉中華”、“中國民俗文化村”、“世界之窗”和“歡樂谷”等主題公園,集中華傳統文化、中國民俗文化與世界文化精華於一體,融自然景觀、人文景觀於一爐,並采用聲光電等現代科技表現手段,配之以東方“百老匯”式的歌舞演出,動静結合,花樣翻新,令人流連忘返。
Shenzhen's major tourist attractions include the Chinese Folk Culture Villages, the Window of the World, Happy Valley, Splendid China, the Safari Park in Nanshan district, the Dameisha Promenade, Xiaomeisha Beach Resort in Yantian district, Zhongying Street, Xianhu Lake Botanical Garden, and Minsk World. The city also offers free admission to a number of public parks including the Lianhuashan Park, Lizhi Park, Zhongshan Park and Wutongshan Park. Shenzhen is famous for the great variety of cuisines that its numerous restaurants provide.
Most tourists, however, choose to stay in a largely expatriate and exotic residential community called Shekou, home to a large French cruise liner cemented into the ground, confiscated on drug smuggling charges. Shekou was expanded and renovated in recent years, including claiming additional land from the sea.
(四)經濟狀况(Economy)
深圳是中國口岸最多和惟一擁有海陸空口岸的城市,是中國與世界交往的主要門户之一,有着强勁的經濟支撑與現代化的城市基礎設施。中國社科院發佈的《2007年中國城市競争力藍皮書》表明,深圳的城市綜合競争力位列内地城市第一。
2006年,深圳市國内生産總值達5684億元,增長15%;全社會固定資産投資1272億元,增長7.7%;社會消費品零售總額1671億元,增長16.2%;進出口總額2374億美元,增長29.9%,其中出口總額1361億美元,增長34.1%,連續14年居全國大中城市第一。
深圳經濟總量相當於國内的一個中等省份,位居全國大中城市的第四位,是中國大陸經濟效益最好的城市之一。1979年人均GDP僅爲606元,到2006年達到8619美元,居全國大中城市第一。
深圳實施名牌戰略,形成了一批擁有名牌産品的大企業集團和企業群體。截至2006年,深圳市共有金威啤酒、康佳彩電、長城計算機(服務器)、創維彩電、BELLE皮鞋、富安娜床上用品、泰豐電話、飛亞達手錶、依波表等12種産品獲得“中國名牌産品”殊榮,居全國大中城市第二位。
Shenzhen is in the top ranks among mainland Chinese cities in terms of comprehensive economic power. It ranked fourth in GDP among mainland Chinese cities in 2001, while it ranked the top in GDP per capita during the same period. Its import and export volumes have been first for the last nine consecutive years. It is the second in terms of industrial output. For five consecutive years, its internal revenue within local budget ranks third. It also ranks third in the actual use of foreign capital.
Shenzhen is a major manufacturing centre in China. One highrise a day and one boulevard every three days is one famous line referring to Shenzhen in the 1990s. With 13 buildings at over 200 metres tall, including the Shun Hing Square (the 9th tallest building in the world), Shenzhen is a marvel of lights after sunset.
Shenzhen is home to some of China's most successful hightech companies, such as Huawei and ZTE. A number of foreign IT companies also have facilities in the city. Foxconn has a manufacturing plant based in Shenzhen where they make most of the iPods and laptops for Apple Computer. It appears to be shipping a large majority of the new Intelbased machines at this stage. Lenovo, the Chinese conglomerate that bought the personal computing division of IBM in 2005, manufactures its line of ThinkPad notebook computers in Shenzen. IBM still has a joint venture in Shenzhen manufacturing server products. Many of these foreign hightech companies have their operations in the Science and Technology park in Nanshan District or outside the core districts where labor and land are much cheaper. In the financial sector, China Merchants' Bank, one of the largest banks in China, has its headquarters in Shenzhen. Shenzhen City Commercial Bank is also based in the city. It is expected that more foreign financial institutions will invest in Shenzhen.
In 2006, the GDP reached a record high of 568.4 billion RMB, an increase of 15% over 2005. Shenzhen's economic output is ranked fourth in mainland China, and it is comparable to that of a medium sized province in China. In 2006, Shenzhen's GDP per capita was 8619 yuan, making it the highest among Chinese mainland cities.
(五) 深港合作(Integration with Hong Kong)
深港兩地山水相連,經濟相互依存,有着緊密的歷史淵源和天然聯繫。長期以來,香港市場上的禽、蛋、魚、肉、菜以及鮮奶等主要來自深圳。每年經深圳水庫供港的東江水達11億多立方米;大亞灣核電站輸電到香港;港資一直是深圳最主要投資來源,占外商在深實際投資金額的70%以上;深圳多家公司在香港創業並上市。
近年來,深圳市政府提出了“向香港學習、爲香港服務”的合作理念,深港政府間建立了重大事項協商溝通機制,口岸和跨界基礎設施合作不斷加强,經貿、科技、教育、金融、旅遊等合作不斷深化。2007年4月,深港聯合治理深圳河治理三期工程,深圳河流域防洪標準提高到50年一遇的水平。2007年7月正式建成通車的深港西部通道,將把深港兩地更加緊密地連在一起。
Many visitors who cross the Hong Kong SAR/mainland China border to Shenzhen go for the shopping, where goods and services are supposedly far cheaper than those in Hong Kong. However, without coming prepared knowing the prices of specific items the goods may end up being far more expensive than in Hong Kong while others are only marginally cheaper, even after a long phase of negotiating.
The shopping mall most visited by tourists is Lo Wu Commercial City, situated close to the railway station. This contains an overwhelming array of beauty parlours and stores selling clothes, handbags, fabric, jewellery and electrical goods as well as many vendors of pirated software, DVDs, counterfeit goods and mobile phones. With the number of tourists, it is also a popular location for prostitution, drugs, pickpockets and begging. However, Hua Qiang Bei (North of Huang Qiang Road) is the real mega shopping area favoured by locals.
Ⅲ. 飲食文化(Cantonese cuisine)
粤菜,即廣東地方風味菜,是我國著名四大菜係之一。粤菜以廣州、潮州、東江三種地方菜爲主。廣州菜配料多,善於變化,講究鮮、嫩、爽、滑,一般是夏秋力求清淡、冬春偏重濃醇,尤其擅長小炒,要求掌握火候,油温恰到好處;潮州菜以烹制海鮮見長,更以湯菜最具特色,刀工精巧,口味清純,注意保持主料原有的鮮味;東江菜(也稱客家菜)主料突出,檏實大方,有獨特的鄉土風味。以上三種菜互爲補充,形成了粤菜的獨具特色:一是用料廣博奇特,選料精細,配合四時更替,四季時令菜肴重在色、香、清、鮮;二是烹調技藝考究,刀工操作精細,常用的有熬、煲、蒸、炖、扣、炒、泡、扒、炸、煎、浸、滚、燴、燒、鹵等,同時,調味佐料衆多,有香、鬆、脆、肥、濃五滋和酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、 鮮六味,具有濃厚的南國風味。
Cantonese cuisine is wellknown for its blend of color, fragrance, taste and presentation, and it is ranked among the top four in the country. It mainly includes Guangzhou cuisine, Hakka cuisine and Teochew cuisine. Cantonese cuisine is famous for its vegetarian dishes as well. The cooking methods include steaming, stirfrying, shallow frying, double boiling, braising and deepfrying.
Ⅳ. 名勝古迹(Places of interest)
廣東四大名山:博羅縣的羅浮山、仁化縣的丹霞山、南海的西樵山、肇慶市的鼎湖山。
羅浮山位於惠州市西北45多公里處,距廣州90公里,廣汕公路穿越其境,横跨博羅、龍門、增城三縣,縱横廣袤五百裏,海拔1000多米,溪澗幽深,煙籠霧鎖,山勢雄偉奇特。
Mount Luofu is mainly situated on the north bank of the Dongjiang in the northwest of Bóluó County in the prefecture of Huizhou in Guangdong Province that covers 250 kilometers.
奇峰怪石、飛瀑名泉、洞天奇景是羅浮山的三大特色。羅浮山有鐵橋、玉女、駱駝等大小峰巒432座,有白石漓、黄龍洞等名泉瀑布980多處,有通天、羅漢等石室幽岩72個,有朱明、蓬萊等洞天奇景18處。
羅浮山不但是山水綺麗,風景優美,而且神話、傳説、古迹繁多,素有“神仙洞府”之稱。山上寺觀遍立,原有九觀、十八寺、三十二庵等宗教建築。
It was said that there were nine guan (temple), 18 si (temple) and 32 an (temple) on Mt. Luofu.
丹霞山位於韶關市東北54公里處,距仁化縣城 9 公里。丹霞山海拔 408米,不算高,但它的山崖,遠看似染紅霞,近看則色彩斑斕,許多懸崖峭壁,像刀削斧,直指藍天,無數奇岩美洞,隱藏於山中,景色相當奇麗。
丹霞山風景區可劃分爲上中下三層。上層景區有長老峰、海螺峰、寶珠峰。中層景區以别傳寺爲主要景點。下層景區主要有錦岩洞天勝景。
Danxiashan Geopark, which covers 290km2, is located in Shaoguan, Guangdong Province. The worldwide landforms formed by red terrestrial sandstone and conglomerate and characterized by red rock walls and cliffs are all known as Danxia landform, and Danxia Mountain is the very location where this special landform was named. The whole mountain has redbed peak forest type of structure with 380 (big or small) rock peaks, rock forts, rock walls and rock stacks. Its main peak is 618m above the sea level.
西樵山位於廣東省佛山市南海區西南部,是國家級風景名勝區,同時也是國家森林公園。
西樵山是一座沉寂了億萬年的死火山,自然風光美不勝收,山上有72奇峰和42奇洞,更有各種湖泊、泉瀑和深潭點綴山間;不僅如此,西樵山林深苔厚,儲存了極爲豐富的水資源,因而被稱爲“固體水庫”。
Mount Xiqiao, always known as a “famous mount in Nanyue”, is located at the southwest of Nanhai, a hinterland of Zhujian Delta of Guangdong province as well as 40 miles away from Guangzhou city. It is reputed as a beautiful local country picture of Zhujiang Delta, and a dark green jade in Lingnan region.
鼎湖山位於廣東肇慶市東北郊,是嶺南著名的佛教名山和遊覽勝地。鼎湖山位於北緯23°10″,東經112°31″。因地球上北回歸綫穿過的地方大都是沙漠或乾草原,所以鼎湖山又被中外學者譽爲“北回歸綫上的緑寶石” 。鼎湖山面積1133公頃,最高處的鷄籠山頂高1000.3米,鼎湖山因其特殊的研究價值聞名海内外,被譽爲華南生物種類的“基因儲存庫”和“活的自然博物館”。
Dinghushan is located in the midpart of Guangdong Province in south China, northeastern suburb of Zhaoqing city, about 84 km away from Guangzhou, with the geolocation of 112°30′39″~112°33′41″E and 23°09′21″~23°11′30″N. It occupies 1133 hm2, covered mostly by hills and valleys. The altitude of the station ranges nearly from 100 to 700 m above sea level, with the highest of 1000.3 m at Jilongshan.
廣東四大名園:包括番禺餘蔭山房,東莞可園,順德清暉園和佛山梁園。
Four Famous Gardens in Guangdong: Yuyin Mountain House in Panyu, Liangyuan Garden in Foshan, Keyuan Garden in Dongguan and Qinghui Garden in Shunde.
練習題
1.爲什麽説佛山是珠江三角洲民間藝術的摇籃?
2.請簡述粤菜的特色。
3.佛山九層糕有何寓意?
4.廣州又被稱爲“羊城”,請問“羊城”這個名稱的由來是什麽?
5.請問有多少個名族居住在深圳?
6.請至少説出跟廣東省相鄰的三個省份名稱。
7.請説出羅浮山的三大特色。
8.匹配題:請將以下景點和地方名連綫。
練習題答案
1.佛山是珠江三角洲民間藝術的摇籃,孕育並保留了秋色、醒獅、舞龍、龍舟説唱、龍舟競渡等大量體現嶺南文化精髓的民間藝術及民俗事象;秋色、剪紙、木刻年畫、陶塑、灰塑、磚雕等手工傳統技藝精湛,獨樹一幟。2005年底,佛山參與申報的獅舞、粤劇、龍舟説唱、佛山木版年畫、廣東剪紙、石灣陶塑技藝等6個項目,進入首批國家非物質文化遺産名録推薦名單。
2.粤菜的特色有以下兩點:一是用料廣博奇特,選料精細,配合四時更替,四季時令菜肴重在色、香、清、鮮;二是烹調技藝考究,刀 工操作精細,常用的有熬、煲、蒸、炖、扣、炒、泡、扒、炸、煎、浸、滚、燴、燒、鹵等,同時,調味佐料衆多,有香、鬆、脆、肥、濃五滋和酸、甜、苦、辣、咸、 鮮六味,具有濃厚的南國風味。
3.佛山九層糕的寓意是“長長久久,步步高昇”。
4.廣州又稱“羊城”。相傳周朝時, 南海飄來五朵彩色祥雲, 五仙人騎着五只羊, 各携帶一串谷穗降臨此處, 贈谷穗給居民, 祝福此地五穀豐登、永無饑荒, 留下五羊化爲石頭。今越秀公園建有以此傳説爲題材的“五羊石像”。
5.有56個名族居住在深圳。
6.香港、澳門、廣西、湖南、江西、福建和海南。(任選其中三個)
7.奇峰怪石、飛瀑名泉、洞天奇景是羅浮山的三大特色。