本書是作者負責完成的國家文物局文物保護科學與技術硏究課題(編號:2003024)《先秦時期南海漁業文化硏究》的主要結題成果之一。在本書付梓之時,首先要感謝著名考古學家北京大學博士生導師李伯謙敎授對本硏究的關注和支持,感謝李伯謙敎授在百忙之中審閲本書稿並賜序言;感謝國家文物局將本課題列入全國文物保護科學與技術硏究課題,感謝你們通過國家文物局網站,對《先秦時期南海漁業文化硏究》課題的硏究成果進行系統介紹;感謝國家文物局專家組的專家們對本課題硏究重要性、必要性和課題成果的鑒定認可,使這一硏究項目順利通過國家驗收;感謝廣東省文化廳、吉林大學珠海學院、珠海市文化廣電新聞出版局、珠海市社會科學界聯合會、珠海市博物館的支持。吉林大學珠海學院外語系講師肖婧女士參與了本課題硏究與資料收集工作,還負責了本書有關英文內容的撰寫;珠海市技術監督局高級工程師劉競波先生、原珠海市博物館周鳳珍女士參與了相關的硏究與資料收集工作;珠海市博物館唐越先生對部分英文作了校勘;楊長征先生爲本書作文字校對,在此表示感謝。同時還要感謝長期從事南海北岸文物考古與歷史硏究的前輩學者、當代同仁,沒有你們的硏究基礎與大力支持,本硏究難以完成。還有許多爲本書做出貢獻的朋友,在此一併致謝。
南海北岸史前漁業文化硏究十分重要,因爲其揭示的文化內涵,不同于我們常見的農業文化、畜牧文化,是一種新的,前人很少關注的文化形態。瞭解這一地區、這一時期、這一群體的人們,在這一特殊的自然環境中的生存方式,瞭解他們的生産、生活及其精神世界和這一文化在中華文化形成與發展中的地位、作用,是十分必要的。幾千年前,在南海北岸及近岸島嶼上,生活着一批批,一群群以打魚爲生的史前先民。在沙丘上,貝丘里,坡地上,洞穴中甚至在岩石上都留下了先民活動的痕迹、居住的遺迹和動人的故事。大海是他們的依託,海灣和河旁是他們主要的生産、生活場所,海洋中的魚類、貝類、藻類生物爲他們提供了豐富的食物,還有聯通着大海的江河,也是他們的天然糧倉,居住地附近的田野和森林中的動物、植物爲他們提供營養的補充。他們是上天的恩賜,是大海哺育的孩子,擁有着浩瀚的南海與無限的生機,他們是勇敢的、充滿智慧的、具有強大創造力的先民,他們的文化具有明顯的特點,他們的文化因子已經融入到中華文化的血液之中。幾千年時光流逝,暗淡了人們曾經深刻的記憶;多少回潮起潮落,磨滅了昨日生活的燦爛。只要撥開歷史的塵霧,人們總能想起過去動人的故事。而擔當這一重任者,首先是這一地區的考古工作的從業人員。我們沒有理由不對這一文化現象進行整理、硏究與揭示:抓拍天空中劃過的一道彩光,恢復歷史、留住歷史、豐富歷史,使眞實存在過的幾千年的歷史鮮活起來,讓歷史給我們啓迪,給我們力量。這是我們的期待,我們的任務和前行的目標。
我們也不得不承認,在這一課題的硏究過程中我們遇到了相當的困難。課題本身的難度,加上硏究經費與硏究時間的短缺,使硏究工作顯得異常艱難。然而,我們有良好的心態,有執着的追求,有來自朋友的理解與支持,我們嘗試着,努力着,推進着,漁業文化的硏究正在向前發展。
事實上,本課題硏究正式開始的時間要到2004年底,此前,我們一直都在忙着全國文物、博物館系統人文社會科學重點硏究課題《中國南海沙丘遺址文化與生態硏究》的結題和出版工作。2004年9月,作爲這一課題的主要結題成果,學術專著《先秦時期的南海島民》由文物出版社正式出版,得到了國家文物局專家組的好評。2006年,國家文物局正式下文通過這一課題的結項驗收。至此,我們才可能將主要精力投入到本課題硏究中來。
沙丘先民的文化是先秦南海漁業文化的重要組成部分,沙丘遺址硏究的進展,爲漁業文化硏究奠定了一定的基礎。本課題硏究需要反映沙丘遺址的硏究成果,又不能過多地重複沙丘遺址的硏究內容。因此,要進一步瞭解南海漁業文化,請結合閲讀《先秦時期的南海島民》一書。
通過本課題硏究,我們對南海北岸的生態環境、早期人類的考古文化、南海的漁獵工具、水上工具、先民的捕魚方法等作了系統的梳理;對漁業經濟條件下的精神生活及漁業文化的特點、交流和影響作了有益的探索,使我們對史前時期南海漁業文化有了一個較系統的初步認識。當然這還只是階段性的成果,南海漁業文化的豐富內涵,値得我們用更長的時間花更多的精力去硏究與探索。
肖一亭
二00八年十二月于珠海
Researches on the prehistoric fishery culture on the north coast of South China Sea are significant; as the uncovered culture connotation is quite different from the culture of agriculture or livestock husbandry in the central and north China. This is a new culture morphology which receives little attention. It is all essential for us to understand the early inhabitants in this area in prehistoric age, their way of existence, production and spiritual world in the special natural envirnoment and the role which the culture had played in the formation and development of Chinese culture. Thousands of years ago, groups of early inhabitants lived by fishing had settled on the north coast of South China Sea; the traces of their activities, the ruins of their living and touching life stories had remained on sand dunes, shell mounds, slopes, even on rocks and in caves. The Sea was the place that they relied on while the bays and river banks were important places for their major living and production activities. Fi
shes, molluscas and algas from the ocean had provided them with abundant foods; the animals and plants in the nearby fields and forests also supplemented their nutrition. That is why we say, the early inhabitants were the gifts of God and the children of the Sea who owned the vast ocean and infinite vitality. These people were bold, full of wisdom and creativity. The culture they created had distinctive characterisitcs and had merged into Chinese civilization. However, as thousands of years elapsed, not only the deep rooted memory had faded way, but also the splendid life of yesterday had been forgotten. But if we unveil the dust of history, we could always recall a moving historical story. The staff members of archaeological studies in this region should be the pioneers to take on the mission of arranging, studying and revealing the culture phenomena, so as to restore, to retain, to revitalize and enrich the history.
Admittedly, we have encountered many difficulties on the process of the research. The lack of funds and time, as well as the difficulty of the research question itself made the work very hard to deal with. Nevertheless, with a positive attitude, everlasting enthusiasm, persistent pursuit and the support and understanding from friends; we are moving ahead to press forward the research on the fishery culture.
The sand dune culture created by the early inhabitants who had lived on sand dunes is an integral part of the Pre-Qin fishery culture on South China Sea. The research on sand dune sites is a basis for the research on the fishery culture. Therefore, to further understand the fishery culture on South China Sea, you have to conbine this book with “On the Pre-Qin Islanders of South China Sea——Studies on the Coastal Sand Dune Sites”.
Through research, we have systematically recognized the ecological environment, the archaeological culture, the fishing and hunting tools, the waterborne vehicles and methods of fish netting of the early inhabitants; also we have made a good exploration on the spiritual life under the fishery economy and the characteristics, exchanges and influences of the culture. All these efforts help us build more complete and better understanding of the Pre-Qin fishery culture of South China Sea. But the research result is only a phased achievement; the rich connotation of the fishery culture deserves us to devote more time and energy to research and exploration.
Xiao Yiting
Zhuhai Museum,
December, 2008
書目分類 出版社分類